国产枸橼酸西地那非片治疗男性勃起功能障碍疗效和安全性的临床研究

目的评价口服国产枸橼酸西地那非片治疗男性勃起功能障碍的临床有效性和安全性。方法采用多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂、平行对照的方法，对240例患进行为期8周的临床观察，评价标准包括：国际勃起功能指数(IIEF)、记事本、总评题。结果西地那非组皿亚评分明显高于安慰剂组(P＜0．01)，记事本、总评题结果西地那非组亦明显优于安慰剂组，无不良反应中断研究。结论国产枸橼酸西地那非片是治疗男性勃起功能障碍的有效和安全的药物。     

Assault,PTSD, Family Substance Use,and Depression as Risk Factors for Cigarette Use in Youth: Findings from the National Survey of Adolescents

A national household probability sample of 4,023 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years was surveyed by telephone via structured clinical interview to determine the impact of familial substance use, sexual and physical assault, witnessed violence, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on risk of smoking. Results indicated that familial substance use increased risk of smoking only for boys and sexual assault or depression increased risk of smoking only for girls. Age, Caucasian ethnicity, and experiencing physical assault or witnessing violence elevated risk of current cigarette use for both genders. By contrast, PTSD per se was not associated with increased risk of smoking, after the effects of other variables were controlled.     

国内外城市生活垃圾处理处置技术及发展趋势

城市生活垃圾的处理、处置方法目前达到规模化应用的有填埋、焚烧和堆肥3种方式。阐述上述3种方式的国内外发展状况，提出源头控制和多种技术并存是生活垃圾处理、处置的有效途径。     

湖南省家庭暴力的流行病学调查总体报告

目的 了解湖南省家庭暴力的现状。方法 采用多级分层抽样方法，在湖南省境内的城市、农村和工业区各抽取一个样本，共计9451户家庭，32720人。以多种形式的线索调查与深入细致的入户调查相结合的方式进行家庭暴力现况调查。结果 （1）家庭暴力的发生率为16．2％，当年内的发生率为11．6％，城市、农村及工业三地区的发生率和年内发生率的差异均具有统计学意义（19〈0．01）；（2）夫妻暴力的发生率为10．2％、虐待儿童为7．8％、虐待老人为1．5％；（3）重组家庭的家庭暴力发生率最高（21．0％），夫妻独子家庭和多代大家庭次之（分别为20．1％和20.0％）；（4）夫妻暴力以重组家庭最多见（14．7％），虐待儿童与虐待老人则以多代大家庭居多（分别为12．4％和4．1％）。结论 湖南省家庭暴力的发生率以夫妻暴力多见，不同地区、不同的家庭结构其暴力发生率和暴力对象均有所不同。     

对医院工作场所暴力事件的思考

近年来由医患纠纷引起的医院暴力事件屡见不鲜，通过分析医院暴力产生的原因，阐述了这一现象对医务人员、医院及患者的负面影响，并提出搞好医患关系重在医方。     

Domestic dog health worsens with socio-economic deprivation of their home communities

Dogs play an important role in infectious disease transmission as reservoir hosts of many zoonotic and wildlife pathogens. Nevertheless, unlike wildlife species involved in the life cycle of pathogens, whose health status might be a direct reflection of their fitness and competitive abilities, dog health condition could be sensitive to socio-economic factors impacting the well-being of their owners. Here, we compare several dog health indicators in three rural communities of Panama with different degrees of socio-economic deprivation. From a total of 78 individuals, we collected blood and fecal samples, and assessed their body condition. With the blood samples, we performed routine hematologic evaluation (complete blood counts) and measured cytokine levels (Interferon-γ and Interleukin-10) through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. With the fecal samples we diagnosed helminthiases. Dogs were also serologically tested for exposure to Trypanosoma cruzi and canine distemper virus, and molecular tests were done to assess T. cruzi infection status. We found significant differences between dog health measurements, pathogen prevalence, parasite richness, and economic status of the human communities where the dogs lived. We found dogs that were less healthy, more likely to be infected with zoonotic pathogens, and more likely to be seropositive to canine distemper virus in the communities with lower economic status. This study concludes that isolated communities of lower economic status in Panama may have less healthy dogs that could become major reservoirs in the transmission of diseases to humans and sympatric wildlife.     

Launch of Body,Movement & Dance in Psychotherapy

This article explores time-limited dance movement psychotherapy (DMP) with a female offender diagnosed with borderline personality disorder looking particularly at the development of the therapeutic relationship and attachment theory. DMP can help increase the ‘capacity to think’ and provide alternative approaches for managing emotions opposed to ‘acting out’ difficulties in relating. The therapeutic relationship in DMP can provide a containing, holding environment in the absence of healthy attachments, early experiences of deprivation and trauma. Laban Movement Analysis, psychodynamic and mentalisation approaches were used to underpin the assessment, formulation and therapeutic interventions.     

Drugs,Violence, and Federal Funding: A Research Odyssey

Two decades of research activity focusing on drugs/violence relationships are described. Initial interest in this area was kindled by field experiences. Literature review revealed a dearth of concepts and data. A tripartite conceptual framework was formulated to define drug-related violence. A series of empirical studies were undertaken to verify and elaborate the conceptual framework. Findings from these studies debunked prevailing mythology about drugs/violence relationships. Findings also demonstrated the usefulness of a public health perspective and the critical importance of collecting qualitative data in order to achieve a deeper understanding of these phenomena. [Translations are provided in the International Abstracts Section of this issue.]